Terms starting with “A”

Officials participating in performing the audit.

A chronological record of system activities. Includes records of system accesses and operations performed in a given period.

Software of Election Systems & Software used for generating voting system audit reports.

An individual entry in an audit log related to an audited event. Source: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4

Preprocessors designed to reduce the volume of audit records to facilitate manual review. Before a security review, these tools can remove many audit records known to have little s...

The assessment of an information system to evaluate the adequacy of implemented security controls, assure that they are functioning properly, identify vulnerabilities, and assist i...

In general, records from which the events and/or votes cast in an election may be reconstructed. Audit trails are of two distinct types which are often confused with one another. T...

Paper printout of votes cast, produced by direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting machines, which election officials may use to cross-check electronically tabulated totals.

That property of a system enabling reconstruction of events during an election, including individual ballots. The "ease of auditing the vote tabulating software, the ballots, and t...

Auditing of all election and business processes should be a routine part of election administration before, during, and after an election. Audits validate whether measures such as...

A person who is performing an audit of any part of the election process.

That property of a voting system that prevents anyone other than the voter from hearing the sounds provided by an INTERFACE. AUDIO-TACTILE

A printed ballot listing the names of all candidates and the texts of measures to be voted upon that is marked in secret by the voter to indicate her choices. The Australian ballot...

The "technique of having the polls open for voting on specified and warned matters during a warned, extended period which may be during or after a municipal meeting, or both." Vt....

To confirm the identity of an entity when that identity is presented. Source: NIST SP 800-32

Verifying the identity of a user, process, or device, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in an information system

A cryptographic checksum based on an Approved security function (also known as a Message Authentication Code [MAC]). (FIPS 140-2) (NISTIR)

Hardware or software-based mechanisms that force users to prove their identity before accessing data on a device. Source: NIST SP 800-72

A block cipher mode of operation that can provide assurance of the authenticity and, therefore, the integrity of data. (SP 800-38B) (NISTIR)

The period between any initial authentication process and subsequent re-authentication processes during a single terminal session or during the period data is being accessed.

1. A well specified message exchange process between a claimant and a verifier that enables the verifier to confirm the claimant's identity. 2. A defined sequence of messages betwe...

A pair of bit strings associated to data to provide assurance of its authenticity. (SP 800-38B) (NISTIR)

Authentication information conveyed during an authentication exchange. (FIPS 196) (NISTIR)

The means used to confirm the identity of a user, process, or device (e.g., user password or token). Source: NIST SP 800-53 Rev 4