Category Overview

Voting Systems — Election Security Glossary

1,792 election security terms in the Voting Systems category, with definitions sourced from NIST, CISA, EAC, and 30+ authoritative documents.

Browse all 1,792 terms in Voting Systems

Named Block Exit

A concept relating to software transparency.

Medium consensus1 source

National Association Of Counties

Under HAVA, the National Association of Counties has the right to appoint two members to the ADVISORS.

Medium consensus1 source

National Association Of County Recorders, Election Officials, And Treasurers

Under HAVA, the National Association of County Recorders, Election Officials, and Treasurers has the right to appoint two members to the ADVISORS.

Medium consensus1 source

National Association Of Secretaries Of State

Under HAVA, the National Association of Secretaries of State has the right to appoint two members to the ADVISORS.

Medium consensus1 source

National Association Of State Election Directors

Under HAVA, the National Association of State Election Directors has the right to appoint two members to the and two members to the BOARD OF ADVISORS DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE.

Medium consensus1 source

National Certification

A misnomer describing the processing of testing a voting machine by an INDEPENDENT to verify that it conforms to the STANDARDS.

Medium consensus1 source

National Conference Of State Legislatures

Under HAVA, the National Conference of State Legislatures has the right to appoint two members to the ADVISORS.

Medium consensus1 source

National Election

An election involving the entire electorate of a country.

Medium consensus1 source

National Governors Association

Under HAVA, the National Governors Association has the right to appoint two members to the ADVISORS.

Medium consensus1 source

National Office

Almost the same as, but not identical to OFFICE, q.v .

Medium consensus1 source

National Party

A "party established and admitted to the ballot in at least one state other than Hawaii or one which is determined by the chief election officer to be making a bona fide effort to…

Medium consensus1 source

National Software Reference Library

A component of that maintains copies of software along with hash NOTARY REPOSITORY NIST codes to form that can be used to establish that a given program is REFERENCE DATA SETS…

Medium consensus1 source

By ESG Editorial Team · Drawing on NIST, the EAC, VVSG, IEEE, and 30+ authoritative sources on voting system design and certification

Voting systems are the machines, software, and supporting infrastructure through which voters mark, cast, and have their ballots counted. The category includes optical scanners, ballot-marking devices, direct-recording electronic (DRE) systems, hand-marked paper ballots, and the back-end systems that aggregate results from precincts and report them to the public.

Why this category matters for election security is rooted in the trust voters place in the systems that record their intent. A voting system that loses votes, that miscounts, or that allows manipulation without detection undermines the legitimacy of the entire election. Conversely, a system that is well designed, well tested, and well understood by election officials produces results that withstand scrutiny even when contested. The work of building and maintaining that trustworthiness is continuous.

Federal testing and certification programs establish a baseline. The Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG), administered by the Election Assistance Commission, define the technical and security requirements a system must meet to be used in federal elections. State testing goes further in some cases, certifying specific configurations, requiring additional documentation, or limiting the use of particular system features. Once a system is in the field, the work of securing it continues through patch management, configuration control, and pre-election logic and accuracy testing.

The terminology in this category reflects the technical and procedural landscape that voting systems inhabit. The concepts here are not optional. Every term describes a system property that has been the subject of standards, recommendations, and in some cases federal law.

Key Concepts

Voting System

The integrated hardware and software used by voters to cast ballots and by election officials to count them.

Optical Scan

A voting system that reads marked paper ballots using optical sensors and counts the marks electronically.

Ballot Marking Device

A device that allows voters to mark their choices on an electronic interface, then prints a human-readable paper ballot.

Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail

A printed paper record produced simultaneously with an electronic vote, allowing the voter to confirm their choices before casting.

Cast Vote Record

The permanent record of a single vote as captured and stored by a voting system, in electronic and/or paper form.

Direct Recording Electronic

A voting system that records votes directly into electronic memory, with or without a contemporaneous paper record.

Voluntary Voting System Guidelines

The federal technical standards published by the EAC that define security, accuracy, and accessibility requirements for certified voting systems.

How These Terms Relate

These concepts together describe the technical core of how votes are cast and counted. A voting system is more than a single device. It is an integrated chain of hardware, software, and procedures that begins when a voter enters the booth and ends when results are reported. The terminology here covers that full chain. Optical scan, ballot-marking devices, DRE systems, and VVPAT each represent different points on a spectrum of automation and paper reliance. The choice between them is a policy decision shaped by jurisdiction, voter expectations, and the trade-offs between speed, accessibility, auditability, and security.