Election Administration — Election Security Glossary
1,121 election security terms in the Election Administration category, with definitions sourced from NIST, CISA, EAC, and 30+ authoritative documents.
Browse all 1,121 terms in Election Administration
Database
A structured collection of data that includes data and meta data (data about the data).
Election
A formal process of selecting a person for public office or of accepting or rejecting a political proposition by voting.
Precinct
Election administration division corresponding to a contiguous geographic area that is the basis for determining which contests and issues the voters legally residing in that area…
Candidate
A person who is seeking nomination or election to a specified office and who either has met the legal requirements to have his/her name printed on the ballot or is eligible to…
Electronic Poll Book
Device that partially automates the process of checking in voters, assigning them the correct ballot style, and marking voters who have been issued a ballot.
Logic And Accuracy (l&a) Testing
Equipment and system readiness tests whose purpose is to detect malfunctioning devices and improper election-specific setup before the equipment or systems are used in an election.
Polling Place
The "building where residents of a voting precinct vote or where absentee voting is conducted." Utah Code §20A-1-102(46).
Voting Process
The "entire array of procedures, people, resources, equipment and locations associated with the conduct of elections." VVSG.
Combined Precinct
Two or more precincts treated as a single precinct for a specific election.
Cross Party Endorsement
Endorsement of a single candidate or slate of candidates by more than one political party.
Election Databases
Data file or set of files that contain geographic information about political subdivisions and boundaries, all contests and questions to be included in an election, and the…
Election Day
1. The day on which an election is held, whether in November or otherwise.
By ESG Editorial Team · Drawing on NIST, EAC, CISA, and 29 authoritative sources on election security
Election administration encompasses the systems, procedures, and personnel through which elections are planned, executed, and certified. It is the operational backbone of democratic governance. The machinery through which voter intent is captured, protected, and counted. The terminology of election administration reflects decades of state and federal law, professional standards set by the Election Assistance Commission, and lessons learned from real-world incidents.
Why this category matters for election security is fundamental: an election system can only be secure if the procedures that govern its operation are clear, documented, and consistently followed. Administrators must understand ballot design standards to prevent voter confusion and miscounting. Poll workers require training protocols that ensure they can detect and prevent irregularities. Chain of custody procedures protect ballots and equipment from the moment they enter the polling place until results are certified. Post-election processes (canvassing, auditing, and recounts) provide the mechanisms through which voters and election officials can verify that the system worked as intended.
The integrity safeguards that distinguish legitimate elections from disputed ones are largely procedural. The Help America Vote Act of 2002 and subsequent state election codes establish minimum requirements for many of these practices, yet implementation varies significantly across jurisdictions. A poll worker in one state may follow different procedures than one in another, and election officials often confront gaps between what their jurisdiction's law requires and what their systems can realistically deliver.
Understanding this category's terminology is essential for officials implementing compliance frameworks, journalists covering election operations, and academics studying the mechanics of electoral administration. The concepts here reflect the operational reality that election security is not only a technical problem. It is an administrative one, solved through documented procedures, trained personnel, and auditable processes that can withstand scrutiny before, during, and after every election.
Key Concepts
Chain Of Custody
The documented sequence of transfers of ballots, equipment, and materials from one authorized person to another, establishing accountability and preventing tampering.
Canvassing
The official process of reviewing and certifying all ballots cast in an election, including provisional ballots and absentee votes, before declaring results.
Logic And Accuracy Testing
Pre-election testing of voting systems to ensure they accurately record and count votes as programmed, typically performed on electronic and optical scan equipment.
Poll Worker
A temporary election official assigned to a polling place responsible for voter check-in, ballot distribution, machine operation, and procedural compliance.
Ballot Format
The layout, typography, and instructions of a ballot that affect voter comprehension, ballot marking accuracy, and system compatibility.
Provisional Ballot
A ballot cast by a person whose eligibility cannot be immediately verified at the polling place, verified later during canvassing before being counted.
Ballot Marking Device
Equipment that assists voters in selecting choices and may print a voter-verifiable paper record of their selections, required to be accessible under HAVA.
Post Election Audit
A structured review of election results against source documents such as paper ballots to verify that the recorded result matches votes actually cast.
Election Night Reporting Systems (enr)
The unofficial release of vote totals on election night before the formal canvass is complete, subject to change as remaining ballots are processed and verified.
How These Terms Relate
These concepts form an integrated system designed to ensure accuracy and accountability at every stage of an election. Ballot design determines whether voters can clearly express their intent and whether systems can reliably interpret markings. Poll worker training and operations ensure that ballots are distributed and cast according to law, with proper records maintained. Chain of custody procedures protect ballots from marking through tabulation, creating an auditable trail. Logic and accuracy testing verifies that equipment will count votes correctly before they are cast. Canvassing brings all ballots (including provisional and absentee votes) into a unified, reviewed count. Post-election audits provide the mechanism by which election officials and observers can verify that the system actually produced the correct result. These elements are interdependent: a weakness in any one of them creates vulnerability in the entire system.
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