Primary definition
Cryptographic protocols that enable anyone to confirm that all ballots cast were correctly tallied, and to prove to an individual voter that their vote is included in the final tally; also known as universal verifiability.
Also known asend-to-end verifiability · E2E verifiability · universal verifiability · individual verifiability · cryptographic verifiability
1 sources cited4 related termsReviewed Aug 10, 2026
— Independent Panel on Internet Voting ReportView source
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IPIVR
Cryptographic protocols that enable anyone to confirm that all ballots cast were correctly tallied, and to prove to an individual voter that their vote is included in the final tally; also known as universal verifiability.
Independent Panel on Internet Voting Report · 2024
Cite this term
Permanent URL · stable across revisions
Election Security Glossary. (2026). Verifiability (e2e). In Election Security Glossary. Retrieved August 22, 2026, from https://electionsecurityglossary.com/glossary/verifiability-e2e
Sources
1 cited · last checked Aug 10, 2026
01
Independent Panel on Internet Voting Report
Independent Panel on Internet Voting Report
Single-source
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