Tabulation Audit

In plain English

A check after an election where auditors hand-count paper ballots from a sample and compare the results to the originally reported totals.

Definition

A post-election audit that involves hand-counting a sample of votes on paper records, then comparing those counts to the corresponding vote totals originally reported as a check on the accuracy of election results, and to detect discrepancies using accurate hand-counts of the paper records as the benchmark.

Also known asRisk-Limiting Audit · RLA · Manual Tabulation Audit · Hand-Count Audit · Post-Election Tabulation Audit
1 sources cited3 related termsReviewed by Martins Ogundare · Aug 10, 2026
EAC Glossary of TermsView source
Example

Auditors hand-count every ballot from three randomly selected precincts and confirm the hand-count matches the electronic totals before results are certified.

Why this term matters

Tabulation audits catch errors or manipulation in electronic counts before results are final. They provide evidence that reported winners truly won.

How it is used in election security

Officials select races or precincts by a statistical method, retrieve the original paper records, count them by hand in public, and investigate any discrepancy beyond a set margin.

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EAC
U.S. Election Assistance Commission

A post-election audit that involves hand-counting a sample of votes on paper records, then comparing those counts to the corresponding vote totals originally reported as a check on the accuracy of election results, and to detect discrepancies using accurate hand-counts of the paper records as the benchmark.

EAC Glossary of Terms · 2024

Cite this term

Permanent URL · stable across revisions
Election Security Glossary. (2026). Tabulation Audit. In Election Security Glossary. Retrieved September 14, 2026, from https://electionsecurityglossary.com/glossary/tabulation-audit

Sources

1 cited · last checked Aug 10, 2026

01

EAC Glossary of Terms
EAC Glossary of Terms

Single-source

View source

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