Defined term

Firmware

Firmware: Computer programming stored in programmable read-only memory thus becoming a permanent part of the computing device.

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it
Software

Definition

Computer programming stored in programmable read-only memory thus becoming a permanent part of the computing device. It is created and tested like software.

Alternative Definitions

Definition 2

Computer programs (software) stored in read-only memory (ROM) devices embedded in the system and not capable of being altered during system operation.

Source: NISTType: standard
Definition 3

A specific class of software encoded directly into a hardware device that controls its defined functions.

Source: NIST WebType: semantic
Definition 4

Computer programs and data stored in hardware - typically in read-only memory (ROM) or programmable read-only memory (PROM) - such that the programs and data cannot be dynamically written or modified during execution of the programs.

Source: Committee on National Security Systems Glossary CNSSI 4009-2015Type: standard
Definition 5

Software programmed into read-only memory (ROM).

Source: March 2020 CSC ReportType: external
Definition 6

Computer instructions that are encoded directly into computer hardware. Firmware is resident to the hardware and cannot be altered without modifying the hardware. Voting systems may contain firmware that cannot be altered without replacing the hardware.

Source: EAC IT Glossary for Election OfficialsType: external
Definition 7

A specific class of software encoded directly into a hardware device that controls its defined functions and provides the low-level control for the computer’s specific hardware (such as the firmware that initially boots an operating system).

Source: NIST Election GlossaryType: standard
Definition 8

The programs and data components of a cryptographic module that are stored in hardware within the cryptographic boundary and cannot be dynamically written or modified during execution. (FIPS 140-2) (NISTIR)

Source: The Cyber GlossaryType: external
Definition 9

“Computer programs (software) stored in read -only memory (ROM) devices embedded in the system and not capable of being altered dur ing system operation.” FVSS Appendix. It occupies a middle position between hardware and software, firmware being more difficult to change than software, but easier to change than hardware.

Source: Electronic Voting GlossaryType: external
Definition 10

Software loaded into a sort of computer memory that cannot be eaily changed, called “read only” memory, as opposed to “read/write” memory, which is more easily changed. Computers use firmware to execute basic functionality like starting up.

Source: Voter Protection Project GlossaryType: external

Sources

1
Glossary of Election Terms, U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC)
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2
Glossary for Voting Systems, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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3
NIST Election Terminology Glossary, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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4
Committee on National Security Systems Glossary CNSSI 4009-2015
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5
March 2020 CSC Report
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6
EAC Glossary of Terms
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7
EAC IT Glossary for Election Officials
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8
EAC Information Technology Terminology
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9
EAC Glossary of Election Terms
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10
NIST Election Glossary
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11
The Cyber Glossary
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12
Electronic Voting Glossary
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13
Voter Protection Project Glossary
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